Appendix II — D — Decisions Cited — D
Ninth Edition, Revision 01.2024
[ Editor Note: Opinions of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or its predecessor organizations (Board) made available to the public after the Board first published Standard Operating Procedure 2 in 1994 (addressing the publication of Board opinions and the designation of such opinions as precedential) that (1) expressly indicate that the opinion is binding precedent of the Board or (2) are identified as binding precedent on the Board’s Precedential opinion website ( www.uspto.gov/patents-application-process/appealing -patent-decisions/decisions-and-opinions/precedential ) are precedential and binding authority. Prior to 1994, a decision by the Board was considered binding on panels of the Board only if the opinion was authorized by the Board to be published. See Ex parte Holt, 19 USPQ2d 1211 (Bd.Pat. App. & Int. 1991).]
Editor Note: When possible, parallel citations to the United States Reports or Federal Reporter and the United States Patent Quarterly (USPQ) are provided and include pinpoint pages, if appropriate. However, decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit published after July 11, 2022, no longer contain a pinpoint page for the USPQ citations.
Dailey, In re, 357 F.2d 669, 149 USPQ 47 (CCPA 1966) 2144.04
Dale Electronics Inc. v. R.C.L. Electronics, 488 F.2d 382, 180 USPQ 225 (1st Cir. 1973) 2004
Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders, Inc. v. Pussycat Cinema, Ltd., 604 F.2d 200, 203 USPQ 161 (2d Cir. 1979) 1512
Dana Corp. v. IPC Ltd. Partnership, 860 F.2d 415, 8 USPQ2d 1692 (Fed. Cir. 1988) 2165.04
Dana-Farber Cancer Inst., Inc. v. Ono Pharm. Co., 964 F.3d 1365, 2020 USPQ2d 10775 (Fed. Cir. 2020) 2109.01
Dance, In re, 160 F.3d 1339, 48 USPQ2d 1635 (Fed. Cir. 1998) 2143.01
Daniels, In re, 144 F.3d 1452, 46 USPQ2d 1788 (Fed. Cir. 1998) 1503.02 , 1504.04
Dann v. Johnston, 425 U.S. 219, 189 USPQ 257 (1976) 716.01(a) , 2141 , 2141.03 , 2143
Dart Indus. v. Banner, 636 F.2d 684, 207 USPQ 273 (C.A.D.C. 1980) 201.06(c) , 211.02 , 211.02(a)
Dart Indus. v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 489 F.2d 1359, 179 USPQ 392 (7th Cir. 1973) 2133.03 , 2133.03(c)
Data Line Corp. v. Micro Technologies, Inc., 813 F.2d 1196, 1 USPQ2d 2052 (Fed. Cir. 1987) 2183 , 2184
Datamize LLC v. Plumtree Software, Inc., 417 F.3d 1342, 75 USPQ2d 1801 (Fed. Cir. 2005) 2173.05(b) , 2173.05(g)
Davis, Ex parte, 80 USPQ 448 (Bd. App. 1948) 2111.03 , 2163
Davis, Ex parte, 56 USPQ2d 1434 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 2000) 804
Davis Harvester Co., Inc. v. Long Mfg. Co., 252 F. Supp. 989, 149 USPQ 420 (E.D.N.C. 1966) 2134
Davis v. Carrier, 81 F.2d 250, 28 USPQ 227 (CCPA 1936) 2109
Dayco Prod., Inc. v. Total Containment, Inc., 329 F.3d 1358, 66 USPQ2d 1801 (Fed. Cir. 2003) 2001.06(b) , 2004
DBC, In re, 545 F.3d 1373, 89 USPQ2d 1123 (Fed. Cir. 2008) 1207.03(a)
Dealertrack Inc. v. Huber, 674 F.3d 1315, 101 USPQ2d 1325 (Fed. Cir. 2012) 2106.04(a)(1)
DeBaun, In re, 687 F.2d 459, 214 USPQ 933 (CCPA 1982) 715.01(a) , 716.10 , 717.01(a)(1) , 2109 , 2136.05 , 2136.05(b) , 2155.01
De Blauwe, In re, 736 F.2d 699, 222 USPQ 191 (Fed. Cir. 1984) 716.01(c) , 2145
DDR Holdings, LLC v. Hotels.com, L.P., 773 F.3d 1245, 113 USPQ2d 1097 (Fed. Cir. 2014) 2106.04(a)(1) , 2106.05 , 2106.05(a) , 2106.05(b) , 2106.05(c) , 2106.05(d) , 2173.05(b) , 2106.05(f) , 2106.07(a)
Deckler, In re, 977 F.2d 1449, 24 USPQ2d 1448 (Fed. Cir. 1992) 715 , 717.01(d) , 2138.01 , 2155.06 , 2308.03
Defano, In re, 392 F.2d 280, 157 USPQ 192 (CCPA 1968) 715.02 , 715.03
Default Proof Credit Card System, Inc. v. Home Depot U.S.A., Inc., 412 F.3d 1291, 75 USPQ2d 1116 (Fed. Cir. 2005) 2181
De Graffenried v. United States, 20 Cl. Ct. 458, 16 USPQ2d 1321 (Cl. Ct. 1990) 2133.02 , 2181
De Lajarte, In re, 337 F.2d 870, 143 USPQ 256 (CCPA 1964) 2111.03 , 2163
Delgar Inc. v. Schuyler, 172 USPQ 513 (D.D.C. 1970) 711.03(c)
Demaco Corp. v. F. Von Langsdorff Licensing Ltd., 851 F.2d 1387, 7 USPQ2d 1222 (Fed. Cir. 1988) 716.01(b) , 716.01(d) , 716.03 , 716.03(a) , 716.03(b)
Dembiczak, In re, 175 F.3d 994, 50 USPQ2d 1614 (Fed. Cir. 1999) 1504.06 , 2144.04
Deminski, In re, 796 F.2d 436, 230 USPQ 313 (Fed. Cir. 1986) 2141.01(a)
DePuy Spine, Inc. v. Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Inc., 567 F.3d 1314, 90 USPQ2d 1865 (Fed. Cir. 2009) 2143 , 2144.05
De Seversky, In re, 474 F.2d 671, 177 USPQ 144 (CCPA 1973) 201.06(c) , 608.01(p) , 1504.05 , 1504.20
De Solms v. Schoenwald, 15 USPQ2d 1507 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1990) 2138.05 , 2138.06
DesOrmeaux, Ex parte, 25 USPQ2d 2040 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1992) 2136.04
Deters, In re, 515 F.2d 1152, 185 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1975) 715.09 , 717.01(f)
Deuel, In re, 51 F.3d 1552, 34 USPQ2d 1210 (Fed. Cir. 1995) 2143 , 2144.08 , 2144.09 , 2163
DH Tech. Inc. v. Synergystex Int’l Inc., 154 F.3d 1333, 47 USPQ2d 1865 (Fed. Cir. 1998) 509.04(f)
Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303, 206 USPQ 193 (1980) 2104 , 2105 , 2106 , 2106.03 , 2106.04 , 2106.04(b) , 2106.04(c) , 2107.01
Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U.S. 175, 209 USPQ 1 (1981) 2103 , 2106 , 2106.04 , 2106.04(a)(1) , 2106.05 , 2106.05(a) , 2106.05(c) , 2106.05(d) , 2106.05(e) , 2106.05(h) , 2106.07(a) , 2107.01 , 2111.05
Dien, In re, 680 F.2d 151, 214 USPQ 10 (CCPA 1982) 1449.02
Digitech Image Techs., LLC v. Electronics for Imaging, Inc., 758 F.3d 1344, 111 USPQ2d 1717 (Fed. Cir. 2014) 2106.03 , 2106.04(a)(2)
Dillon, In re, 919 F.2d 688, 16 USPQ2d 1897 (Fed. Cir. 1990) 2141 , 2144 , 2144.08 , 2144.09 , 2145
Dilnot, In re, 319 F.2d 188, 138 USPQ 248 (CCPA 1963) 2144.04
Dinsmore, In re, 757 F.3d 1343, 111 USPQ2d 1229 (Fed. Cir. 2014) 1402 , 1490
DiStefano, In re, 808 F.3d 845, 117 USPQ2d 1267 (Fed. Cir. 2015) 2111.05
D.L. Auld Co. v. Chroma Graphics Corp., 714 F.2d 1144, 219 USPQ 13 (Fed. Cir. 1983) 2133.03(c)
D.M.I., Inc. v. Deere & Co., 755 F.2d 1570, 225 USPQ 236 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 2184
Doll, In re, 419 F.2d 925, 164 USPQ 218 (CCPA 1970) 1412.03
Donaldson Co., In re, 16 F.3d 1189, 29 USPQ2d 1845 (Fed. Cir. 1994) 2111.01 , 2114 , 2161.01 , 2163.03 , 2173.01 , 2181
Donaldson, Ex parte, 26 USPQ2d 1250 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1992) 1504.01
Donner Technology, LLC v. Pro Stage Gear, LLC, 979 F.3d 1353, 2020 USPQ2d 11335 (Fed. Cir. 2020) 2141.01(a)
Donohue, In re, 550 F.2d 1269, 193 USPQ 136 (CCPA 1977) 2164.06 , 2164.06(a)
Donohue, In re, 766 F.2d 531, 226 USPQ 619 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 2121.01 , 2121.02 , 2131.01 , 2152.02(b)
Door-Master Corp. v. Yorktowne, Inc., 256 F.3d 1308, 59 USPQ2d 1472 (Fed. Cir. 2001) 1504.02 , 1504.04
Dossel, In re, 115 F.3d 942, 42 USPQ2d 1881 (Fed. Cir. 1997) 2181 , 2185
Dow Chem. Co., In re, 837 F.2d 469, 5 USPQ2d 1529 (Fed. Cir. 1988) 716.05 , 2144.08
Dow Chem. Co. v. American Cyanamid Co., 816 F.2d 617, 2 USPQ2d 1350 (Fed. Cir. 1987) 716.06
Dow Chem. Co. v. Astro-Valcour, Inc., 267 F.3d 1334, 60 USPQ2d 1519 (Fed. Cir. 2001) 2138.04
Doyle, In re, 482 F.2d 1385, 179 USPQ 227 (CCPA 1973) 1445 , 2161.01
Doyle, In re, 293 F.3d 1355, 63 USPQ2d 1161 (Fed. Cir. 2002) 1412.01
Dreyfus, In re, 73 F.2d 931, 24 USPQ 52 (CCPA 1934) 2144.05
Driscoll v. Cebalo, 5 USPQ2d 1477 (Bd. Pat. Inter. 1982) 2109
Droplets, Inc. v. E*TRADE Bank, 887 F.3d 1309, 126 USPQ2d 1317 (Fed. Cir. 2018) 211.01(b) , 608.01(p)
Druey, In re, 319 F.2d 237, 138 USPQ 39 (CCPA 1963) 2144.08
DSL Dynamic Sciences, Ltd. v. Union Switch & Signal, Inc., 928 F.2d 1122, 18 USPQ2d 1152 (Fed. Cir. 1991) 2138.05
Dubno, In re, 12 USPQ2d 1153 (Comm’r Pat. & Tm. 1989) 2763
Dubost v. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, 777 F.2d 1561, 227 USPQ 977 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 213.03
Dulberg, In re, 289 F.2d 522, 129 USPQ 348 (CCPA 1961) 2144.04
Dunki, Ex parte, 153 USPQ 678 (Bd. App. 1967) 2173.05(q)
Dunlop Holdings, Ltd. v. Ram Golf Corp., 524 F.2d 33, 188 USPQ 481 (7th Cir. 1975) 2133.03(a)
Dunn, In re, 349 F.2d 433, 146 USPQ 479 (CCPA 1965) 804.02
Dunn v. Ragin, 50 USPQ 472 (Bd. Pat. Inter. 1941) 2138.02
Dunne, Ex parte, 20 USPQ2d 1479 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1991) 2134 , 2138.02 , 2138.04
Durance, In re Timothy D., 891 F.3d 991, 127 USPQ2d 1141 (Fed. Cir. 2018) 1207.03(b)
Durden, In re, 763 F.2d 1406, 226 USPQ 359 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 2116.01
Dybel, In re, 524 F.2d 1393, 187 USPQ 593 (CCPA 1975) 2133.03(b) , 2133.03(e)(3)
Dyfan, LLC v. Target Corp., 28 F.4th 1360, 2022 USPQ2d 288 (Fed. Cir. 2022) 2181
Dynamic Drinkware, LLC, v. National Graphics, Inc., 800 F.3d 1375, 116 USPQ2d 1045 (Fed. Cir. 2015) 804.03 , 2136.03 , 2154.01(b)
Dystar Textilfarben GmbH v. C. H. Patrick Co., 464 F.3d 1356, 80 USPQ2d 1641 (Fed. Cir. 2006) 2141 , 2143 , 2143.01 , 2144
Cited authority
- 2144.04 Legal Precedent as Source of Supporting Rationale
- 2004 Aids to Compliance With Duty of Disclosure
- 1512 Relationship Between Design Patent, Copyright, and Trademark
- 2165.04 Examples of Evidence of Concealment
- 2109 Inventorship
- 2143.01 Suggestion or Motivation To Modify the References
- 1503.02 Drawing
- 1504.04 Considerations Under 35 U.S.C. 112
- 716.01(a) Objective Evidence of Nonobviousness
- 2141 Examination Guidelines for Determining Obviousness Under 35 U.S.C. 103
- 2141.03 Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art
- 2143 Examples of Basic Requirements of a Prima Facie Case of Obviousness
- 201.06(c) 37 CFR 1.53(b) and 37 CFR 1.63(d) Divisional-Continuation Procedure
- 211.02 Reference to Prior Application(s)
- 211.02(a) Correcting or Adding a Benefit Claim After Filing
- 2133.03 Rejections Based on “Public Use” or “On Sale”
- 2133.03(c) The “Invention”
- 2183 Making a Prima Facie Case of Equivalence
- 2184 Determining Whether an Applicant Has Met the Burden of Proving Nonequivalence After a Prima Facie Case Is Made
- 2173.05(b) Relative Terminology
- 2173.05(g) Functional Limitations
- 2111.03 Transitional Phrases
- 2163 Guidelines for the Examination of Patent Applications Under the 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph, “Written Description” Requirement
- 804 Definition of Double Patenting
- 2134 Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(c)
- 2001.06(b) Information Relating to or From Copending United States Patent Applications
- 1207.03(a) Determining Whether a Ground of Rejection is New
- 2106.04(a)(2) Abstract Idea Groupings
- 715.01(a) Reference Is a Patent or Published Application Naming Different Inventive Entity With at Least One Common Inventor
- 716.10 Attribution Affidavit or Declaration to Overcome Rejection Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 or 103
- 717.01(a)(1) Evaluation of Declarations or Affidavits under 37 CFR 1.130(a)
- 2136.05 Overcoming a Rejection Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)
- 2136.05(b) Showing The Reference Is Describing An Inventor's Or At Least One Joint Inventor's Own Work
- 2155.01 Showing That the Disclosure Was Made by the Inventor or a Joint Inventor
- 716.01(c) Probative Value of Objective Evidence
- 2145 Consideration of Applicant’s Rebuttal Arguments and Evidence
- 2106.05 Eligibility Step 2B: Whether a Claim Amounts to Significantly More
- 2106.05(a) Improvements to the Functioning of a Computer or To Any Other Technology or Technical Field
- 2106.05(b) Particular Machine
- 2106.05(c) Particular Transformation
- 2106.05(d) Well-Understood, Routine, Conventional Activity
- 2106.05(f) Mere Instructions To Apply An Exception
- 2106.07(a) Formulating a Rejection For Lack of Subject Matter Eligibility
- 715 Swearing Behind a Reference — Affidavit or Declaration Under 37 CFR 1.131(a)
- 717.01(d) U.S. Patent or Application Publication Claiming Same Invention
- 2138.01 Interference Practice
- 2155.06 Situations in Which an Affidavit or Declaration Is Not Available
- 2308.03 Estoppel Within the Office
- 715.02 How Much of the Claimed Invention Must Be Shown, Including the General Rule as to Generic Claims
- 715.03 Genus-Species, Practice Relative to Cases Where Predictability Is in Question
- 2181 Identifying and Interpreting a 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, Sixth Paragraph Limitation
- 2133.02 Rejections Based on Publications and Patents
- 711.03(c) Petitions Relating to Abandonment
- 716.01(b) Nexus Requirement and Evidence of Nonobviousness
- 716.01(d) Weighing Objective Evidence
- 716.03 Commercial Success
- 716.03(a) Commercial Success Commensurate in Scope With Claimed Invention
- 716.03(b) Commercial Success Derived From Claimed Invention
- 1504.06 Double Patenting
- 2141.01(a) Analogous and Nonanalogous Art
- 2144.05 Obviousness of Similar and Overlapping Ranges, Amounts, and Proportions
- 608.01(p) Completeness of Specification
- 1504.05 Restriction
- 1504.20 Benefit Under 35 U.S.C. 120
- 2138.05 “Reduction to Practice”
- 2138.06 “Reasonable Diligence”
- 2136.04 Different Inventive Entity; Meaning of “By Another”
- 715.09 Timely Presentation
- 717.01(f) Seasonable (or Timely) Presentation
- 2144.08 Obviousness of Species When Prior Art Teaches Genus
- 2144.09 Close Structural Similarity Between Chemical Compounds (Homologs, Analogues, Isomers)
- 509.04(f) Correcting Errors in Micro Entity Status
- 2104 Requirements of 35 U.S.C. 101
- 2105 Patent Eligible Subject Matter — Living Subject Matter
- 2106 Patent Subject Matter Eligibility
- 2106.03 Eligibility Step 1: The Four Categories of Statutory Subject Matter
- 2106.04 Eligibility Step 2A: Whether a Claim is Directed to a Judicial Exception
- 2106.04(b) Laws of Nature, Natural Phenomena & Products of Nature
- 2106.04(c) The Markedly Different Characteristics Analysis
- 2107.01 General Principles Governing Utility Rejections
- 2103 Patent Examination Process
- 2106.05(e) Other Meaningful Limitations
- 2106.05(h) Field of Use and Technological Environment
- 2111.05 Functional and Nonfunctional Descriptive Material
- 1449.02 Interference in Reissue
- 2144 Supporting a Rejection Under 35 U.S.C. 103
- 1402 Grounds for Filing
- 1490 Disclaimers
- 1412.03 Broadening Reissue Claims
- 2111.01 Plain Meaning
- 2114 Apparatus and Article Claims — Functional Language
- 2161.01 Computer Programming, Computer Implemented Inventions, and 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, First Paragraph
- 2163.03 Typical Circumstances Where Adequate Written Description Issue Arises
- 2173.01 Interpreting the Claims
- 1504.01 Statutory Subject Matter for Designs
- 2164.06 Quantity of Experimentation
- 2164.06(a) Examples of Enablement Issues-Missing Information
- 2121.01 Use of Prior Art in Rejections Where Operability is in Question
- 2121.02 Compounds and Compositions — What Constitutes Enabling Prior Art
- 2131.01 Multiple Reference 35 U.S.C. 102 Rejections
- 2152.02(b) Described in a Printed Publication
- 1504.02 Novelty
- 2185 Related Issues Under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or (b) and Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, First or Second Paragraphs
- 716.05 Skepticism of Experts
- 716.06 Copying
- 2138.04 “Conception”
- 1445 Reissue Application Examined in Same Manner as Original Application
- 1412.01 Reissue Claims Must Be for Same General Invention
- 211.01(b) Claiming the Benefit of a Nonprovisional Application
- 2763 Limitation of Third-Party Participation
- 213.03 Time for Filing U.S. Nonprovisional Application
- 2173.05(q) “Use” Claims
- 2133.03(a) “Public Use”
- 804.02 Avoiding a Double Patenting Rejection
- 2138.02 “The Invention Was Made in This Country”
- 1207.03(b) Petition to Designate a New Ground of Rejection and to Reopen Prosecution
- 2116.01 Novel, Nonobvious Starting Material or End Product
- 2133.03(b) “On Sale”
- 2133.03(e)(3) “Completeness” of the Invention
- 804.03 Commonly Owned Inventions of Different Inventive Entities; Non-Commonly Owned Inventions Subject to a Joint Research Agreement
- 2136.03 Critical Reference Date
- 2154.01(b) Determining When Subject Matter Was Effectively Filed Under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(d)