Appendix II — F — Decisions Cited — F
Ninth Edition, Revision 01.2024
[ Editor Note: Opinions of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or its predecessor organizations (Board) made available to the public after the Board first published Standard Operating Procedure 2 in 1994 (addressing the publication of Board opinions and the designation of such opinions as precedential) that (1) expressly indicate that the opinion is binding precedent of the Board or (2) are identified as binding precedent on the Board’s Precedential opinion website ( www.uspto.gov/patents-application-process/appealing -patent-decisions/decisions-and-opinions/precedential ) are precedential and binding authority. Prior to 1994, a decision by the Board was considered binding on panels of the Board only if the opinion was authorized by the Board to be published. See Ex parte Holt, 19 USPQ2d 1211 (Bd.Pat. App. & Int. 1991).]
Editor Note: When possible, parallel citations to the United States Reports or Federal Reporter and the United States Patent Quarterly (USPQ) are provided and include pinpoint pages, if appropriate. However, decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit published after July 11, 2022, no longer contain a pinpoint page for the USPQ citations.
Facius, In re, 408 F.2d 1396, 161 USPQ 294 (CCPA 1969) 715.01(a) , 715.01(c) , 2109 , 2132.01 , 2136.04 , 2136.05 , 2137
FairWarning IP, LLC v. Iatric Sys., Inc., 839 F.3d 1089, 120 USPQ2d 1293 (Fed. Cir. 2016) 2106.04 , 2106.04(a) , 2106.04(a)(1) , 2106.05(a) , 2106.05(f) , 2106.05(h) , 2106.07(a)
Falkner v. Inglis, 448 F.3d 1357, 79 USPQ2d 1001 (Fed. Cir. 2006) 2163
Farrenkopf, In re, 713 F.2d 714, 219 USPQ 1 (Fed. Cir. 1983) 2141.03 , 2145
Fassett, 1877 C.D. 32, 11 O.G. 420 (Comm’r Pat. 1877) 1410.02
Feldman v. Aunstrup, 517 F.2d 1351, 186 USPQ 108 (CCPA 1975) 2406.01
Ferag AG v. Quipp, Inc., 45 F.3d 1562, 33 USPQ2d 1512 (Fed. Cir. 1995) 2133.03(b)
Ferguson, Ex parte, 117 USPQ 229 (Bd. App. 1957) 2107.02 , 2107.03 , 2164.07
Ferguson, In re, 558 F.3d 1359, 90 USPQ2d 1035 (Fed. Cir. 2009) 2106.03 , 2106.04(a)(1)
Fessmann, In re, 489 F.2d 742, 180 USPQ 324 (CCPA 1974) 2113
Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co., 535 U.S. 722, 122 S.Ct. 1831, 62 USPQ2d 1705 (2002) 1302.14 , 2173.02
Field v. Knowles, 183 F.2d 593, 86 USPQ 373 (CCPA 1950) 2133.03(c)
Fielder, In re, 471 F.2d 640, 176 USPQ 300 (CCPA 1973) 716.01(a) , 716.03(b)
Fields v. Conover, 443 F.2d 1386, 170 USPQ 276 (CCPA 1971) 2163 , 2163.03
Fiers v. Revel, 984 F.2d 1164, 25 USPQ2d 1601 (Fed. Cir. 1993) 2109 , 2138.04 , 2161.01 , 2163
Fine, In re, 837 F.2d 1071, 5 USPQ2d 1596 (Fed. Cir. 1988) 707.07(f) , 2143.01 , 2143.03 , 2144
Finisar Corp. v. DirecTV Group, Inc., 523 F.3d 1323, 86 USPQ2d 1609 (Fed. Cir. 2008) 2161.01 , 2181 , 2185
Finley, In re, 174 F.2d 130, 81 USPQ 383 (CCPA 1949) 716.02(e)
Fischer, In re Application of, 6 USPQ2d 1573 (Comm’r Pat. 1988) 711.03(c)
Fischer & Porter Co. v. Corning Glass Works, 61 F.R.D. 321, 181 USPQ 329 (E.D. Pa. 1974) 1701.01
Fisher, In re, 427 F.2d 833, 166 USPQ 18 (CCPA 1970) 2164.01(b) , 2164.03 , 2164.08 , 2173.05(a) , 2173.05(t) , 2190
Fisher, In re, 421 F.3d 1365, 76 USPQ2d 1225 (Fed. Cir. 2005) 2103 , 2107.01 , 2164.07
Fisons Plc. v. Quigg, 876 F.2d 99, 10 USPQ2d 1491 (Fed. Cir. 1989) 2751
Fitzgerald, In re, 619 F.2d 67, 205 USPQ 594 (CCPA 1980) 2112 , 2148 , 2183
Fitzgerald v. Arbib, 268 F.2d 763, 122 USPQ 530 (CCPA 1959) 2138.05 , 2138.06
Flint, In re, 411 F.2d 1353, 162 USPQ 228 (CCPA 1969) 2173.05(n)
FMC Corp. v. Hennessy Indus., Inc., 836 F.2d 521, 5 USPQ2d 1272 (Fed. Cir. 1987) 410
FMC Corp. v. Manitowoc Co., 835 F.2d 1411, 5 USPQ2d 1112 (Fed. Cir. 1987) 410
Folkers, In re, 344 F.2d 970, 145 USPQ 390 (CCPA 1965) 2107.02
Fonar Corp. v. General Elec. Co., 107 F.3d 1543, 41 USPQ2d 1801 (Fed. Cir. 1997) 2103
Fong, In re, 288 F.2d 932, 129 USPQ 264 (CCPA 1961) 715.02 , 715.03
Fontijn v. Okamoto, 518 F.2d 610, 186 USPQ 97 (CCPA 1975) 1402 , 1417
Forman, In re, 463 F.2d 1125, 175 USPQ 12 (CCPA 1972) 2164.06(c)
Fortel Corp. v. Phone-Mate, Inc., 825 F.2d 1577, 3 USPQ2d 1771 (Fed. Cir. 1987) 2293
Fort Props., Inc. v. Am. Master Lease, LLC, 671 F.3d 1317, 101 USPQ2d 1785 (Fed. Cir. 2012) 2106.04(a)(1) , 2106.05(g)
Forum US, Inc. v. Flow Valve, LLC, 926 F.3d 1346, 2019 USPQ2d 221227 (Fed. Cir. 2019) 1412.01
Foster, Ex parte, 1903 C.D. 213, 105 O.G. 261 (Comm’r Pat. 1903) 715.04
Foster, In re, 343 F.2d 980, 145 USPQ 166 (CCPA 1965) 2132.01 , 2133 , 2133.02 , 2133.03(c)
Fotland, In re, 779 F.2d 31, 228 USPQ 193 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 1403 , 1412.03
Fouche, In re, 439 F.2d 1237, 169 USPQ 429 (CCPA 1971) 608.01(p) , 716.02(b) , 2107.01 , 2164.07
Fout, In re, 675 F.2d 297, 213 USPQ 532 (CCPA 1982) 2129 , 2143 , 2143.01 , 2144.06
Fox, Ex parte, 128 USPQ 157, 1960 C.D. 28, 761 O.G. 906 (Bd. App. 1957) 608.04(a)
Fox, In re, 471 F.2d 1405, 176 USPQ 340 (CCPA 1973) 2144.03
Fox Factory, Inc. v. SRAM, LLC, 813 Fed. Appx. 539, 2020 USPQ2d 10546 (Fed. Cir. 2020) 716.01(b)
Fox Factory, Inc. v. SRAM, LLC, 944 F.3d 1366, 2019 USPQ2d 483355 (Fed. Cir. 2019) 716.01(b) , 2145
Fredericksen, In re, 213 F.2d 547, 102 USPQ 35 (CCPA 1954) 2173.05(c)
Fredkin v. Irasek, 397 F.2d 342, 158 USPQ 280 (CCPA 1968) 2138.05
Freeman, In re, 23 App. D.C. 226 (App. D.C. 1904) 1503.01 , 2920.04(a)
Freeman, In re, 573 F.2d 1237, 197 USPQ 464 (CCPA 1978) 2184
Freeman, In re, 30 F.3d 1459, 31 USPQ2d 1444 (Fed. Cir. 1994) 2250
Fregeau v. Mossinghoff, 776 F.2d 1034, 227 USPQ 848 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 2107.01 , 2107.02
Fresenius USA, Inc. v. Baxter Int’l, Inc., 582 F.3d 1288, 92 USPQ2d 1163 (Fed. Cir. 2009) 803.02 , 2117 , 2143.03
Fressola, Ex parte, 27 USPQ2d 1608 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1993) 2173.05(r) , 2173.05(s)
Fressola v. Manbeck, 36 USPQ2d 1211 (D.D.C. 1995) 608.01(m)
Fried, In re, 312 F.2d 930, 136 USPQ 429 (CCPA 1963) 2190
Fried, In re, 329 F.2d 323, 141 USPQ 27 (CCPA 1964) 608.01(p)
Frilette, In re, 412 F.2d 164, 162 USPQ 163 (CCPA 1969) 715.01(b)
Fritsch v. Lin, 21 USPQ2d 1731 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1991) 2109 , 2138.06
Frye, Ex Parte, 94 USPQ2d 1072 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 2010) App. No. xx/xxx,xxx, 1201 , 1205.02
Fuge, In re, 272 F.2d 954, 124 USPQ 105 (CCPA 1959) 2126.02
Fujikawa v. Wattanasin, 93 F.3d 1559, 39 USPQ2d 1895 (Fed. Cir. 1996) 2163 , 2163.05
Fujishiro, Ex parte, 199 USPQ 36 (Bd. App. 1977) 2135.01
Fulton, In re, 391 F.3d 1195, 73 USPQ2d 1141 (Fed. Cir. 2004) 2123 , 2141.02 , 2143.01 , 2145
Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co., 333 U.S. 127, 76 USPQ 280 (1948) 2106.04(b) , 2106.04(c)
Future’s Technology Ltd. v. Quigg, 684 F. Supp. 430, 7 USPQ2d 1588 (E.D. Va. 1988) 711.03(c)
Cited authority
- 715.01(a) Reference Is a Patent or Published Application Naming Different Inventive Entity With at Least One Common Inventor
- 715.01(c) Reference Is Publication of Inventor’s Own Invention
- 2109 Inventorship
- 2132.01 Overcoming a Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) Rejection based on a Printed Publication or Patent
- 2136.04 Different Inventive Entity; Meaning of “By Another”
- 2136.05 Overcoming a Rejection Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)
- 2137 Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(f)
- 2106.04 Eligibility Step 2A: Whether a Claim is Directed to a Judicial Exception
- 2106.04(a) Abstract Ideas
- 2106.04(a)(2) Abstract Idea Groupings
- 2106.05(a) Improvements to the Functioning of a Computer or To Any Other Technology or Technical Field
- 2106.05(f) Mere Instructions To Apply An Exception
- 2106.05(h) Field of Use and Technological Environment
- 2106.07(a) Formulating a Rejection For Lack of Subject Matter Eligibility
- 2163 Guidelines for the Examination of Patent Applications Under the 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph, “Written Description” Requirement
- 2141.03 Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art
- 2145 Consideration of Applicant’s Rebuttal Arguments and Evidence
- 1410.02 Assignee Consent to the Reissue
- 2406.01 Description in Application Specification
- 2133.03(b) “On Sale”
- 2107.02 Procedural Considerations Related to Rejections for Lack of Utility
- 2107.03 Special Considerations for Asserted Therapeutic or Pharmacological Utilities
- 2164.07 Relationship of Enablement Requirement to Utility Requirement of 35 U.S.C. 101
- 2106.03 Eligibility Step 1: The Four Categories of Statutory Subject Matter
- 2113 Product-by-Process Claims
- 1302.14 Reasons for Allowance
- 2173.02 Determining Whether Claim Language is Definite
- 2133.03(c) The “Invention”
- 716.01(a) Objective Evidence of Nonobviousness
- 716.03(b) Commercial Success Derived From Claimed Invention
- 2163.03 Typical Circumstances Where Adequate Written Description Issue Arises
- 2138.04 “Conception”
- 2161.01 Computer Programming, Computer Implemented Inventions, and 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, First Paragraph
- 707.07(f) Answer All Material Traversed
- 2143.01 Suggestion or Motivation To Modify the References
- 2143.03 All Claim Limitations Must Be Considered
- 2144 Supporting a Rejection Under 35 U.S.C. 103
- 2181 Identifying and Interpreting a 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, Sixth Paragraph Limitation
- 2185 Related Issues Under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or (b) and Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, First or Second Paragraphs
- 716.02(e) Comparison With Closest Prior Art
- 711.03(c) Petitions Relating to Abandonment
- 1701.01 Office Personnel Not To Testify
- 2164.01(b) How to Make the Claimed Invention
- 2164.03 Relationship of Predictability of the Art and the Enablement Requirement
- 2164.08 Enablement Commensurate in Scope With the Claims
- 2173.05(a) New Terminology
- 2173.05(t) Chemical Formula
- 2190 Prosecution Laches and Res Judicata
- 2103 Patent Examination Process
- 2107.01 General Principles Governing Utility Rejections
- 2751 Eligibility Requirements
- 2112 Requirements of Rejection Based on Inherency; Burden of Proof
- 2148 Form Paragraphs for Use in Rejections Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 103
- 2183 Making a Prima Facie Case of Equivalence
- 2138.05 “Reduction to Practice”
- 2138.06 “Reasonable Diligence”
- 2173.05(n) Multiplicity
- 410 Representations to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
- 715.02 How Much of the Claimed Invention Must Be Shown, Including the General Rule as to Generic Claims
- 715.03 Genus-Species, Practice Relative to Cases Where Predictability Is in Question
- 1402 Grounds for Filing
- 1417 Claim for Priority Under 35 U.S.C. 119(a)-(d)
- 2164.06(c) Examples of Enablement Issues – Computer Programming Cases
- 2293 Intervening Rights
- 2106.05(g) Insignificant Extra-Solution Activity
- 1412.01 Reissue Claims Must Be for Same General Invention
- 715.04 Who May Make Affidavit or Declaration Under 37 CFR 1.131(a); Formal Requirements of Affidavits and Declarations
- 2133 Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)
- 2133.02 Rejections Based on Publications and Patents
- 1403 Diligence in Filing
- 1412.03 Broadening Reissue Claims
- 608.01(p) Completeness of Specification
- 716.02(b) Burden on Applicant
- 2129 Admissions as Prior Art
- 2143 Examples of Basic Requirements of a Prima Facie Case of Obviousness
- 2144.06 Art Recognized Equivalence for the Same Purpose
- 608.04(a) Matter Not Present in Specification, Claims, or Drawings on the Application Filing Date
- 2144.03 Reliance on Common Knowledge in the Art or “Well Known” Prior Art
- 716.01(b) Nexus Requirement and Evidence of Nonobviousness
- 2173.05(c) Numerical Ranges and Amounts Limitations
- 1503.01 Specification
- 2920.04(a) Specification
- 2184 Determining Whether an Applicant Has Met the Burden of Proving Nonequivalence After a Prima Facie Case Is Made
- 2250 Amendment by Patent Owner
- 803.02 Election of Species Requirements – Markush Claims
- 2117 Markush Claims
- 2173.05(r) Omnibus Claim
- 2173.05(s) Reference to Figures or Tables
- 608.01(m) Form of Claims
- 715.01(b) Reference and Application Have Common Assignee
- 1201 Introduction
- 1205.02 Appeal Brief Content
- 2126.02 Scope of Reference’s Disclosure Which Can Be Used to Reject Claims When the Reference Is a “Patent” but Not a “Publication”
- 2163.05 Changes to the Scope of Claims
- 2135.01 The Four Requirements of Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(d)
- 2123 Rejection Over Prior Art’s Broad Disclosure Instead of Preferred Embodiments
- 2141.02 Differences Between Prior Art and Claimed Invention
- 2106.04(b) Laws of Nature, Natural Phenomena & Products of Nature
- 2106.04(c) The Markedly Different Characteristics Analysis