Appendix II — P — Decisions Cited — P
Ninth Edition, Revision 01.2024
[ Editor Note: Opinions of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or its predecessor organizations (Board) made available to the public after the Board first published Standard Operating Procedure 2 in 1994 (addressing the publication of Board opinions and the designation of such opinions as precedential) that (1) expressly indicate that the opinion is binding precedent of the Board or (2) are identified as binding precedent on the Board’s Precedential opinion website ( www.uspto.gov/patents-application-process/appealing -patent-decisions/decisions-and-opinions/precedential ) are precedential and binding authority. Prior to 1994, a decision by the Board was considered binding on panels of the Board only if the opinion was authorized by the Board to be published. See Ex parte Holt, 19 USPQ2d 1211 (Bd.Pat. App. & Int. 1991).]
Editor Note: When possible, parallel citations to the United States Reports or Federal Reporter and the United States Patent Quarterly (USPQ) are provided and include pinpoint pages, if appropriate. However, decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit published after July 11, 2022, no longer contain a pinpoint page for the USPQ citations.
Pac. Biosciences of Cal., Inc. v. Oxford Nanopore Techs., Inc., 996 F.3d 1342, 2021 USPQ2d 519 (Fed. Cir. 2021) 2164.05 , 2164.05(a) , 2164.05(b) , 2164.06 , 2164.08
Packard, In re, 751 F.3d 1307, 110 USPQ2d 1785 (Fed. Cir. 2014) 2173.02 , 2173.05(a) , 2173.05(e) , 2173.06
Pac-Tec Inc. v. Amerace Corp., 903 F.2d 796, 14 USPQ2d 1871 (Fed. Cir. 1990) 2111.02 , 2163
Palmer, In re, 451 F.2d 1100, 172 USPQ 126 (CCPA 1971) 716.01(a)
Panagrossi, In re, 277 F.2d 181, 125 USPQ 410 (CCPA 1960) 2174
Pandrol USA, LP v. Airboss Railway Products, Inc., 320 F.3d 1354, 65 USPQ2d 1985 (Fed. Cir. 2003) 1302.04
Panduit Corp. v. Dennison Mfg. Co., 774 F.2d 1082, 227 USPQ 337 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 716.06 , 1504.03 , 2134
Panduit Corp. v. Dennison Mfg. Co., 810 F.2d 1561, 1 USPQ2d 1593 (Fed. Cir. 1987) 2141.01 , 2141.02 , 2144.08 , 2158
Pannu v. Iolab Corp., 155 F.3d 1344, 47 USPQ2d 1657 (Fed. Cir. 1998) 2137
Pannu v. Storz Instruments Inc., 258 F.3d 1366, 59 USPQ2d 1597 (Fed. Cir. 2001) 1412.02
Patent No 6550701, In re, 2006 WL 4494426 (Comm’r Pat. 2006) 1481
Pantzer, Ex parte, 176 USPQ 141 (Bd App. 1972) 2173.05(o)
Paperless Accounting v. Bay Area Rapid Transit System, 804 F.2d 659, 231 USPQ 649 (Fed. Cir. 1986) 2133.01
Papesch, In re, 315 F.2d 381, 137 USPQ 43 (CCPA 1963) 716.02(a) , 2141.02 , 2144.08 , 2144.09
Pappas, Ex parte, 23 USPQ2d 1636 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1992) 1503.01 , 1504.04 , 2173.05(b)
Papst-Motoren, Ex parte, 1 USPQ2d 1655 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1986) 2240 , 2258
PAR Pharmaceutical, Inc. v. TWI Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 773 F.3d 1186, 112 USPQ2d 1945 (Fed. Cir. 2014) 2112
Paragon Podiatry Laboratory, Inc. v. KLM Labs., Inc., 984 F.2d 1182, 25 USPQ2d 1561 (Fed. Cir. 1993) 410 , 2133.03(e)(2)
Parke-Davis & Co. v. H.K. Mulford Co., 189 F. 95 (S.D.N.Y. 1911) 2106.04(c)
Parker v. Flook, 437 U.S. 584, 198 USPQ 193 (1978) 2106 , 2106.04 , 2106.04(a)(2) , 2106.04(b) , 2106.05 , 2106.05(b) , 2106.05(d) , 2106.05(g) , 2106.05(h) , 2106.07(a)
Parker v. Frilette, 462 F.2d 544, 174 USPQ 321 (CCPA 1972) 2138.05
Parks, Ex parte, 30 USPQ2d 1234 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1993) 2173.05(i)
Patent Term Extension Application, U.S. Patent No. 3,849,549, In re, 226 USPQ 283 (Pat. & Tm. Office 1985) 2751
Patlex Corp. v. Mossinghoff, 771 F.2d 480, 226 USPQ 985 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 2225 , 2240 , 2244 , 2249
Patlex Corp. v. Mossinghoff, 758 F.2d 594, 225 USPQ 243 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 2211
Patlex Corp. v. Quigg, 680 F. Supp. 33, 6 USPQ2d 1296 (D. D.C. 1988) 2246
Paulik v. Rizkalla, 760 F.2d 1270, 226 USPQ 224 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 2138.01 , 2138.03
Paulsen, In re, 30 F.3d 1475, 31 USPQ2d 1671 (Fed. Cir. 1994) 716.03 , 2111.01 , 2114 , 2144.08 , 2145
Payne, Ex parte, 1904 C.D. 42, 108 O.G. 1049 (Comm’r Pat. 1903) 707.07(g)
Payne, In re, 606 F.2d 303, 203 USPQ 245 (CCPA 1979) 716.02(a) , 716.02(e) , 2144.09
Pearson, In re, 494 F.2d 1399, 181 USPQ 641 (CCPA 1974) 1207.03(a)
Peeler v. Miller, 535 F.2d 647, 190 USPQ 117 (CCPA 1976) 2138.03
Peck, Ex parte, 1901 C.D. 136, 96 O.G. 2409 (Comm’r Pat. 1901) 608.02(f)
Peck v. Collins, 103 U.S. 660 (1880) 1460
Penn Yan Boats, Inc. v. Sea Lark Boats Inc., 359 F. Supp 948, 175 USPQ 260 (S.D. Fla. 1972) 2004
Pennwalt Corp. v. Akzona, Inc., 740 F.2d 1573, 222 USPQ 833 (Fed. Cir. 1984) 2133.03(e)
Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 4 USPQ2d 1737 (Fed. Cir. 1987) 2184
Pentec, Inc. v. Graphic Controls Corp., 776 F.2d 309, 227 USPQ 766 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 716.03(b) , 716.06 , 2141.01(a)
Penumbra, Inc. v. RapidPulse, Inc., 2023 USPQ2d 292 (March 10, 2023) 2154.01(b)
Perfect Surgical Techniques, Inc. v. Olympus Am., Inc., 841 F.3d 1004, 120 USPQ2d 1605 (Fed. Cir. 2016) 2138.06
Perfect Web Technologies, Inc. v. InfoUSA, Inc., 587 F.3d 1324, 92 USPQ2d, 1849 (Fed. Cir. 2009) 2141 , 2143
PerkinElmer, Inc. v. Intema Ltd., 496 Fed. App'x. 65, 105 USPQ2d 1960 (Fed. Cir. 2012) 2106.05(g)
Persion Pharms. LLC v. Alvogen Malta Operations LTD., 945 F.3d 1184, 2019 USPQ2d 494084 (Fed. Cir. 2019) 2112
Personalized Media Communications., LLC v. Apple Inc., 57 F.4th 1346, 2023 USPQ2d 82 (Fed. Cir. 2023) 2190
Personalized Media Communications LLC v. ITC, 161 F.3d 696, 48 USPQ2d 1880 (Fed. Cir. 1998) 2181
Petering, In re, 301 F.2d 676, 133 USPQ 275 (CCPA 1962) 2131.02 , 2131.03 , 2144.08
Peters, In re, 723 F.2d 891, 221 USPQ 952 (Fed. Cir. 1983) 2163.05
Petersen v. Fee Int’l Ltd., 381 F. Supp 1071, 182 USPQ 264 (W.D. Okla. 1974) 2134
Peterson, Ex parte, 49 USPQ 119, 1941 C.D. 8 (Comm’r Pat. 1941) 710.02(b)
Peterson, Ex parte, 63 USPQ 99 (Bd. App. 1944) 901.02
Peterson, In re, 315 F.3d 1325, 65 USPQ2d 1379 (Fed. Cir. 2003) 716.02(d) , 2144.05
Pfaff v. Wells Elecs., Inc., 525 U.S. 55, 48 USPQ2d 1641 (1998) 2133.03(b) , 2133.03(c) , 2146.02 , 2152.02(d) , 2163 , 2163.02
Pfizer, Inc. v. Apotex Inc., 480 F.3d 1348, 82 USPQd 1321 (Fed. Cir. 2007) 2143 , 2143.01 , 2143.02 , 2145
Pfizer, Inc. v. Apotex Inc., 731 F.Supp.2d 741 (N.D. Ill. 2010) 1460
Pfizer Inc. v. Lee, 811 F.3d 466, 117 USPQ 1781 (Fed. Cir. 2016) 2731
Pfizer, Inc. v. Ranbaxy Labs., Ltd., 457 F.3d 1284, 79 USPQ2d 1583 (Fed. Cir. 2006) 608.01(n)
Pfizer, Inc. v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., 518 F.3d 1353, 86 USPQ2d 1001 (Fed. Cir. 2008) 201.06 , 804 , 804.01 , 1481.03
PharmaStem Therapeutics, Inc. v. Viacell, Inc., 491 F.3d 1342, 83 USPQ2d 1289 (Fed. Cir. 2007) 2143.02 , 2145
Phelan, In re, 205 F.2d 183, 98 USPQ 156 (CCPA 1953) 804
Philco Corp. v. Admiral Corp., 199 F. Supp. 797, 131 USPQ 413 (D. Del. 1961) 1503.02 , 1504.04 , 2133.03(e)(1)
Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415 F.3d 1303, 75 USPQ2d 1321 (Fed. Cir. 2005) 804 , 1204.04 , 2111 , 2111.01 , 2141 , 2143.01 , 2173.05(g) , 2181 , 2240 , 2258
PhotoCure ASA v. Kappos, 603 F.3d 1372, 95 USPQ2d 1250 (Fed. Cir. 2010) 2751
Piasecki, In re, 745 F.2d 1468, 223 USPQ 785 (Fed. Cir. 1984) 716.01(d) , 2107.02 , 2141 , 2142 , 2145
Pierce v. Allen B. DuMont Laboratories, Inc., 297 F.2d 323, 131 USPQ 340 (3d Cir. 1961) 804
Pierce v. Watson, 275 F.2d 890, 124 USPQ 356 (D.C. Cir. 1960) 715.01(b)
Pilkington, In re, 411 F.2d 1345, 162 USPQ 145 (CCPA 1969) 2173.05(p)
PIN/NIP, Inc. v. Platte Chem. Co., 304 F.3d 1235, 64 USPQ2d 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2002) 2163
Pio, In re, 217 F.2d 956, 104 USPQ 177 (CCPA 1954) 716.07
Pitney Bowes, Inc. v. Hewlett-Packard Co., 182 F.3d 1298, 51 USPQ2d 1161 (Fed. Cir. 1999) 2111.02
Plant Genetic Sys., N.V. v. DeKalb Genetics Corp., 315 F.3d 1335, 65 USPQ2d 1452 (Fed. Cir. 2003) 2164.08
Plastic Contact Lens Co. v. Gottschalk, 484 F.2d 837, 179 USPQ 262 (D.C. Cir. 1973) 2190
Platner, In re, 155 USPQ 222 (Comm’r Pat. 1967) 1504.05 , 2920.05(b)
Pleuddemann, In re, 910 F.2d 823, 15 USPQ2d 1738 (Fed. Cir. 1990) 2116.01
Plumb, In re, 470 F.2d 1403, 176 USPQ 323 (CCPA 1973) 715.03
Polumbo v. Don-Joy Co., 762 F.2d 969, 226 USPQ 5 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 2183 , 2184
Poly-America LP v. GSE Lining Tech. Inc., 383 F.3d 1303, 72 USPQ2d 1685 (Fed. Cir. 2004) 2111.02 , 2133.03(c)
Porter, Ex parte, 25 USPQ2d 1144 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1992) 608.01(n) , 2173.05(e) , 2173.05(f) , 2173.05(q)
Portola Packaging, Inc., In re, 110 F.3d 786, 42 USPQ2d 1295 (Fed. Cir. 1997) 2258.01
Pottier, In re, 376 F.2d 328, 153 USPQ 407 (CCPA 1967) 2107.02
Power-One, Inc. v. Artesyn Techs., Inc., 599 F.3d 1343, 94 USPQ2d 1241 (Fed. Cir. 2010) 2173.02
PowerOasis, Inc. v. T-Mobile USA, Inc., 522 F.3d 1299, 86 USPQ2d 1385 (Fed. Cir. 2008) 2141
Power Controls Corp. v. Hybrinetics, Inc., 806 F.2d 234, 231 USPQ 774 (Fed. Cir. 1986) 1504.01(c)
PPG Ind. v. Guardian Ind., 75 F.3d 1558, 37 USPQ2d 1618 (Fed. Cir. 1996) 2164.06(b)
PPG Industries v. Guardian Industries, 156 F.3d 1351, 48 USPQ2d 1351 (Fed. Cir. 1998) 2111.03 , 2163
Prater, In re, 415 F.2d 1393, 162 USPQ 541 (CCPA 1969) 2111 , 2172 , 2173.05(a) , 2173.05(q) , 2411.01
Pratt, Ex parte, 1887 Dec. Comm’r Pat. 31 (Cmm'r Pats. 1887) 2734
Preda, In re, 401 F.2d 825, 159 USPQ 342 (CCPA 1968) 2144.01
President and Fellows of Harvard College v. Rea, 2013 WL 2152635 (E.D.Va. May 15, 2013) 1490
Pressure Prods. Med. Supplies, Inc. v. Greatbatch Ltd., 599 F.3d 1308, 94 USPQ2d 1261 (Fed. Cir. 2010) 2181
Price v. Symsek, 988 F.2d 1187, 26 USPQ2d 1031 (Fed. Cir. 1993) 2137 , 2138.01
Process Control Corp. v. HydReclaim Corp., 190 F.3d 1350, 52 USPQ2d 1029 (Fed. Cir. 1999) 2111.01 , 2173.05(a) 2175
Procter & Gamble Co. v. Teva Pharm. USA, Inc., 566 F.3d 989, 90 USPQ2d 1947 (Fed. Cir. 2009) 2143
Purdue Pharma v. Epic Pharma, 811 F.3d 1345, 117 USPQ2d 1733 (Fed. Cir. 2016) 2113 , 2144.04 , 2173.05(p)
Purdue Pharma L.P. v. Faulding, Inc., 230 F.3d 1320, 56 USPQ2d 1481 (Fed. Cir. 2000) 2163 , 2163.05
Purdue Pharma LP v. Iancu, 767 Fed. Appx. 918, 2019 USPQ2d 136363 (Fed. Cir. 2019) 2163.03
Cited authority
- 2164.05 Determination of Enablement Based on Evidence as a Whole
- 2164.05(a) Specification Must Be Enabling as of the Filing Date
- 2164.05(b) Specification Must Be Enabling to Persons Skilled in the Art
- 2164.06 Quantity of Experimentation
- 2164.08 Enablement Commensurate in Scope With the Claims
- 2173.02 Determining Whether Claim Language is Definite
- 2173.05(a) New Terminology
- 2173.05(e) Lack of Antecedent Basis
- 2173.06 Practice Compact Prosecution
- 2111.02 Effect of Preamble
- 2163 Guidelines for the Examination of Patent Applications Under the 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph, “Written Description” Requirement
- 716.01(a) Objective Evidence of Nonobviousness
- 2174 Relationship Between the Requirements of 35 U.S.C. 112(a) and (b) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, First and Second Paragraphs
- 1302.04 Examiner’s Amendments and Changes
- 716.06 Copying
- 1504.03 Nonobviousness
- 2134 Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(c)
- 2141.01 Scope and Content of the Prior Art
- 2141.02 Differences Between Prior Art and Claimed Invention
- 2144.08 Obviousness of Species When Prior Art Teaches Genus
- 2158 AIA 35 U.S.C. 103
- 2137 Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(f)
- 1412.02 Recapture of Canceled Subject Matter
- 1481 Certificates of Correction - Applicant’s Mistake
- 2173.05(o) Double Inclusion
- 2133.01 Rejections of Continuation-In-Part (CIP) Applications
- 716.02(a) Evidence Must Show Unexpected Results
- 2144.09 Close Structural Similarity Between Chemical Compounds (Homologs, Analogues, Isomers)
- 1503.01 Specification
- 1504.04 Considerations Under 35 U.S.C. 112
- 2173.05(b) Relative Terminology
- 2240 Decision on Request Filed under 35 U.S.C. 302
- 2258 Scope of Ex Parte Reexamination
- 2112 Requirements of Rejection Based on Inherency; Burden of Proof
- 410 Representations to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
- 2133.03(e)(2) Intent
- 2106.04(c) The Markedly Different Characteristics Analysis
- 2106 Patent Subject Matter Eligibility
- 2106.04 Eligibility Step 2A: Whether a Claim is Directed to a Judicial Exception
- 2106.04(a)(1) Examples of Claims That Do Not Recite Abstract Ideas
- 2106.04(b) Laws of Nature, Natural Phenomena & Products of Nature
- 2106.05 Eligibility Step 2B: Whether a Claim Amounts to Significantly More
- 2106.05(b) Particular Machine
- 2106.05(d) Well-Understood, Routine, Conventional Activity
- 2106.05(g) Insignificant Extra-Solution Activity
- 2106.05(h) Field of Use and Technological Environment
- 2106.07(a) Formulating a Rejection For Lack of Subject Matter Eligibility
- 2138.05 “Reduction to Practice”
- 2173.05(i) Negative Limitations
- 2751 Eligibility Requirements
- 2225 Untimely Paper Filed Prior to Order under 35 U.S.C. 304
- 2244 Prior Art on Which the Determination Is Based in Requests Filed under 35 U.S.C. 302
- 2249 Patent Owner’s Statement in Reexaminations Filed Under 35 U.S.C. 302
- 2211 Time for Requesting Ex Parte Reexamination under 35 U.S.C. 302
- 2246 Decision Ordering Reexamination under 35 U.S.C. 304
- 2138.01 Interference Practice
- 2138.03 “By Another Who Has Not Abandoned, Suppressed, or Concealed It”
- 716.03 Commercial Success
- 2111.01 Plain Meaning
- 2114 Apparatus and Article Claims — Functional Language
- 2145 Consideration of Applicant’s Rebuttal Arguments and Evidence
- 707.07(g) Piecemeal Examination
- 716.02(e) Comparison With Closest Prior Art
- 1207.03(a) Determining Whether a Ground of Rejection is New
- 608.02(f) Modifications in Drawings
- 1460 Effect of Reissue
- 2004 Aids to Compliance With Duty of Disclosure
- 2133.03(e) Permitted Activity; Experimental Use
- 2184 Determining Whether an Applicant Has Met the Burden of Proving Nonequivalence After a Prima Facie Case Is Made
- 716.03(b) Commercial Success Derived From Claimed Invention
- 2141.01(a) Analogous and Nonanalogous Art
- 2154.01(b) Determining When Subject Matter Was Effectively Filed Under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(d)
- 2138.06 “Reasonable Diligence”
- 2141 Examination Guidelines for Determining Obviousness Under 35 U.S.C. 103
- 2143 Examples of Basic Requirements of a Prima Facie Case of Obviousness
- 2190 Prosecution Laches and Res Judicata
- 2181 Identifying and Interpreting a 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, Sixth Paragraph Limitation
- 2131.02 Genus-Species Situations
- 2131.03 Anticipation of Ranges
- 2163.05 Changes to the Scope of Claims
- 710.02(b) Shortened Statutory Period: Situations in Which Used
- 901.02 Abandoned Applications
- 716.02(d) Unexpected Results Commensurate in Scope With Claimed Invention
- 2144.05 Obviousness of Similar and Overlapping Ranges, Amounts, and Proportions
- 2133.03(b) “On Sale”
- 2133.03(c) The “Invention”
- 2146.02 Establishing Common Ownership or Joint Research Agreement Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 103(c)
- 2152.02(d) On Sale
- 2163.02 Standard for Determining Compliance With the Written Description Requirement
- 2143.01 Suggestion or Motivation To Modify the References
- 2143.02 Reasonable Expectation of Success Is Required
- 2731 Period of Adjustment
- 608.01(n) Dependent Claims
- 201.06 Divisional Application
- 804 Definition of Double Patenting
- 804.01 Prohibition of Nonstatutory Double Patenting Rejections Under 35 U.S.C. 121
- 1481.03 Correction of 35 U.S.C. 119 and 35 U.S.C. 120 Benefits
- 1503.02 Drawing
- 2133.03(e)(1) Commercial Exploitation
- 1204.04 Official Record on Appeal
- 2111 Claim Interpretation; Broadest Reasonable Interpretation
- 2173.05(g) Functional Limitations
- 716.01(d) Weighing Objective Evidence
- 2107.02 Procedural Considerations Related to Rejections for Lack of Utility
- 2142 Legal Concept of Prima Facie Obviousness
- 715.01(b) Reference and Application Have Common Assignee
- 2173.05(p) Claim Directed to Product-By- Process or Product and Process
- 716.07 Inoperability of References
- 1504.05 Restriction
- 2920.05(b) One Independent and Distinct Design
- 2116.01 Novel, Nonobvious Starting Material or End Product
- 715.03 Genus-Species, Practice Relative to Cases Where Predictability Is in Question
- 2183 Making a Prima Facie Case of Equivalence
- 2173.05(f) Reference to Limitations in Another Claim
- 2173.05(q) “Use” Claims
- 2258.01 Use of Previously Cited/Considered Art in Rejections
- 1504.01(c) Lack of Ornamentality
- 2164.06(b) Examples of Enablement Issues — Biological and Chemical Cases
- 2111.03 Transitional Phrases
- 2172 Subject Matter Which the Inventor or a Joint Inventor Regards as The Invention
- 2411.01 Rejections Based on Deposit Issue
- 2734 Application for Patent Term Adjustment; Due Care Showing
- 2144.01 Implicit Disclosure
- 1490 Disclaimers
- 2175 Form Paragraphs for Use in Rejections Under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, Second Paragraph
- 2113 Product-by-Process Claims
- 2144.04 Legal Precedent as Source of Supporting Rationale
- 2163.03 Typical Circumstances Where Adequate Written Description Issue Arises