MPEP § 2173.05 — Specific Topics Related to Issues Under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, Second Paragraph
Ninth Edition, Revision 01.2024 · last revised R-11.2013
The following sections are devoted to a discussion of specific topics where issues under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, have been addressed. These sections are not intended to be an exhaustive list of the issues that can arise under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, but are intended to provide guidance in areas that have been addressed with some frequency in recent examination practice. The court and Board decisions cited are representative. As with all appellate decisions, the results are largely dictated by the facts in each case. The use of the same language in a different context may justify a different result.
See MPEP § 2181 for guidance in determining whether an applicant has complied with the requirements of 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, when 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, is invoked.
Contents
- 2173.05(a) New Terminology
- 2173.05(b) Relative Terminology
- 2173.05(c) Numerical Ranges and Amounts Limitations
- 2173.05(d) Exemplary Claim Language (“for example,” “such as”)
- 2173.05(e) Lack of Antecedent Basis
- 2173.05(f) Reference to Limitations in Another Claim
- 2173.05(g) Functional Limitations
- 2173.05(h) Alternative Limitations
- 2173.05(i) Negative Limitations
- 2173.05(j) Old Combination
- 2173.05(k) Aggregation
- 2173.05(l) [Reserved]
- 2173.05(m) Prolix
- 2173.05(n) Multiplicity
- 2173.05(o) Double Inclusion
- 2173.05(p) Claim Directed to Product-By- Process or Product and Process
- 2173.05(q) “Use” Claims
- 2173.05(r) Omnibus Claim
- 2173.05(s) Reference to Figures or Tables
- 2173.05(t) Chemical Formula
- 2173.05(u) Trademarks or Trade Names in a Claim
- 2173.05(v) Mere Function of Machine