Appendix II — N — Decisions Cited — N
Ninth Edition, Revision 01.2024
[ Editor Note: Opinions of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or its predecessor organizations (Board) made available to the public after the Board first published Standard Operating Procedure 2 in 1994 (addressing the publication of Board opinions and the designation of such opinions as precedential) that (1) expressly indicate that the opinion is binding precedent of the Board or (2) are identified as binding precedent on the Board’s Precedential opinion website ( www.uspto.gov/patents-application-process/appealing -patent-decisions/decisions-and-opinions/precedential ) are precedential and binding authority. Prior to 1994, a decision by the Board was considered binding on panels of the Board only if the opinion was authorized by the Board to be published. See Ex parte Holt, 19 USPQ2d 1211 (Bd.Pat. App. & Int. 1991).]
Editor Note: When possible, parallel citations to the United States Reports or Federal Reporter and the United States Patent Quarterly (USPQ) are provided and include pinpoint pages, if appropriate. However, decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit published after July 11, 2022, no longer contain a pinpoint page for the USPQ citations.
Naber v. Cricchi, 567 F.2d 382, 196 USPQ 294 (CCPA 1977) 2138.06
Nalbandian, In re, 661 F.2d 1214, 211 USPQ 782 (CCPA 1981) 1504.02 , 1504.03
Nantkwest, Inc. v. Lee, 686 Fed. App'x. 864 (Fed. Cir. 2017) 2111.02
Napier, In re, 55 F.3d 610, 34 USPQ2d 1782 (Fed. Cir. 1995) 2112
Naquin, In re, 398 F.2d 863, 158 USPQ 317 (CCPA 1968) 2164.05(b) , 2164.06(c)
Nat. Alts. Int’l, Inc. v. Iancu, 904 F.3d 1375, 128 USPQ2d 1235 (Fed. Cir. 2018) 211.01(b)
Nat'l Steel Car, Ltd. v. Can. Pac. Ry., Ltd., 357 F.3d 1319, 69 USPQ2d 1641 (Fed. Cir. 2004) 2141.03
Nautilus, Inc. v. Biosig Instruments, Inc., 134 S. Ct. 2120, 110 USPQ2d 1688 (2014) 2173.02
Nazomi Communications, Inc. v. Nokia Corp., 739 F.3d 1339, 109 USPQ2d 1258 (Fed Cir. 2014) 2114
Nehrenberg, In re, 280 F.2d 161, 126 USPQ 383 (CCPA 1960) 2173.05(b)
Nelson, In re, 280 F.2d 172, 126 USPQ 242 (CCPA 1960) 2165
Nelson, In re, 420 F.2d 1079, 164 USPQ 458 (CCPA 1970) 715.07(a)
Nelson v. Bowler, 626 F.2d 853, 206 USPQ 881 (CCPA 1980) 2107.01 , 2107.02 , 2107.03 , 2138.05
Nested Bean, Inc. v. Big Beings Pty Ltd., IPR2020-01234 (Feb. 24, 2023) 608.01(n) , 707.07(i)
Netflix, Inc. v. DivX, LLC, 80 F.4th 1352, 2023 USPQ2d 1057 (Fed. Cir. 2023) 2141.01(a)
Net MoneyIN, Inc. v. VeriSign, Inc., 545 F.3d 1359, 88 USPQ2d 1751 (Fed. Cir. 2008) 2152.02(b) , 2181
New Idea Farm Equip. Corp. v. Sperry Corp., 916 F.2d 1561, 16 USPQ2d 1424 (Fed. Cir. 1990) 2138
New Railhead Mfg., L.L.C. v. Vermeer Mfg. Co., 298 F.3d 1290, 63 USPQ2d 1843 (Fed. Cir. 2002) 211.05 , 2163
Newell Cos. v. Kenney Mfg. Co., 864 F.2d 757, 9 USPQ2d 1417 (Fed. Cir. 1988) 716.01(d) , 716.04 , 2145
Newkirk v. Lulejian, 825 F.2d 1581, 3 USPQ2d 1793 (Fed. Cir. 1987) 715.07
Newman v. Quigg, 877 F.2d 1575, 11 USPQ2d 1340 (Fed. Cir. 1989) 2107.01
Newton, In re, 414 F.2d 1400, 163 USPQ 34 (CCPA 1969) 2161 , 2165.02
Ngai, In re, 367 F.3d 1336, 70 USPQ2d 1862 (Fed. Cir. 2004) 2111.05 , 2112.01
Nidec Motor Corp. v. Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co., 851 F.3d 1270, 122 USPQ2d 1116 (Fed. Cir. 2017) 2131.02
Nievelt, In re, 482 F.2d 965, 179 USPQ 224 (CCPA 1973) 2145
Nilssen, In re, 851 F.2d 1401, 7 USPQ2d 1500 (Fed. Cir. 1988) 1701.01 , 2143 , 2143.01 , 2144
Nitinol Medical Technologies Inc., In re, 17 USPQ2d 1492 (Comm’r Pat. & Tm. 1990) 2751
Nitz v. Ehrenreich, 537 F.2d 539, 190 USPQ 413 (CCPA 1976) 2301.03
Nix v. Hedden, 149 U.S. 304 (1893) 1204.04
Noah Systems Inc. v. Intuit Inc., 675 F.3d 1302, 102 USPQ2d 1410 (Fed. Cir. 2012) 2181 , 2185
Noelle v. Lederman, 355 F.3d 1343, 69 USPQ2d 1508 (Fed. Cir. 2004) 2163
Nolan, In re, 553 F.2d 1261, 193 USPQ 641 (CCPA 1977) 716.02(b) , 716.02(c)
Nolden, Ex parte, 149 USPQ 378 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1965) 2172.01
Noll, In re, 545 F.2d 141, 191 USPQ 721 (CCPA 1976) 2163 , 2181 , 2184
Nomiya, In re, 509 F.2d 566, 184 USPQ 607 (CCPA 1975) 2129 , 2258
NOMOS Corp. v. BrainLAB USA Inc., 357 F.3d 1364, 69 USPQ2d 1853 ( Fed. Cir. 2004) 2184
Norco Products, Inc. v. Mecca Development, Inc., 617 F. Supp 1079, 227 USPQ 724 (D. Conn. 1985) 1504.01(c)
Nordberg, Inc. v. Telsmith, Inc., 82 F.3d 394, 38 USPQ2d 1593 (Fed. Cir. 1996) 410
Nordt Dev. Co., In re, 881 F.3d 1371, 125 USPQ2d 1817 (Fed. Cir. 2018) 2113
Norian Corp. v. Stryker Corp., 363 F.3d 1321, 70 USPQ2d 1508 (Fed. Cir. 2004) 2111.03
Norlund, Ex parte, 1913 C.D. 161, 192 O.G. 989 (Comm’r Pat. 1913) 1213
North American Container, Inc. v. Plastipak Packaging, Inc., 415 F.3d 1335, 75 USPQ2d 1545 (Fed. Cir. 2005) 1412.02
Northam Warren Corp. v. D. F. Newfield Co., 7 F. Supp 773, 22 USPQ 313 (E.D.N.Y. 1934) 2112.01
Northern Telecom, Inc. v. Datapoint Corp., 908 F.2d 931, 15 USPQ2d 1321 (Fed. Cir. 1990) 2128.01
Northern Telecom Ltd. v. Samsung Electronics Co., 215 F.3d 1281, 55 USPQ2d 1065 (Fed. Cir. 2000) 2165.01
Norton v. Curtiss, 433 F.2d 779, 167 USPQ 532 (CCPA 1970) 2012
Novak, In re, 306 F.2d 924, 134 USPQ 335 (CCPA 1962) 2107.02 , 2107.03
Novartis AG v. Ezra Ventures LLC, 909 F.3d 1367, 128 USPQ2d 1752 (Fed. Cir. 2018) 804.05 , 2751
Novartis AG v. Lee, 740 F.3d 593, 109 USPQ2d 1385 (Fed. Cir. 2014) 2730 , 2731 , 2734
Novartis Pharms. Corp. v. Accord Healthcare, Inc., 38 F.4th 1013, 2022 USPQ2d 569 (Fed. Cir. 2022) 2173.05(i)
Novartis Pharms. v. Breckenridge Pharmto., 909 F.3d 1355, 128 USPQ2d 1745 (Fed. Cir. 2018) 804
Novartis Pharms. Corp. v. West-Ward Pharms. Int'l Ltd., 923 F.3d 1051, 2019 USPQ2d 171676 (Fed. Cir. 2019) 2141
Novitski, Ex parte, 26 USPQ2d 1389 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1993) 2112.02
Novo Industries L.P. v. Micro Molds Corp., 350 F.3d 1348, 69 USPQ2d 1128 (Fed. Cir. 2003) 1481
Noznick, In re, 391 F.2d 946, 157 USPQ 266 (CCPA 1968) 1207.03
Noznick, In re, 478 F.2d 1260, 178 USPQ 43 (CCPA 1973) 716.03(b)
NTP, Inc. v. Research in Motion, Ltd., 418 F.3d 1282, 75 USPQ2d 1763 (Fed. Cir. 2005) 2106.03
NTP, In re, 654 F.3d 1268, 99 USPQ2d 1500 (Fed. Cir. 2011) 2258
NTP, In re, 654 F.3d 1279, 99 USPQ2d 1481 (Fed. Cir. 2011) 715.07 , 904.01
Nuijten, In re, 500 F.3d 1346, 84 USPQ2d 1495 (Fed. Cir. 2007) 2106 , 2107.01
Cited authority
- 2138.06 “Reasonable Diligence”
- 1504.02 Novelty
- 1504.03 Nonobviousness
- 2111.02 Effect of Preamble
- 2112 Requirements of Rejection Based on Inherency; Burden of Proof
- 2164.05(b) Specification Must Be Enabling to Persons Skilled in the Art
- 2164.06(c) Examples of Enablement Issues – Computer Programming Cases
- 211.01(b) Claiming the Benefit of a Nonprovisional Application
- 2141.03 Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art
- 2173.02 Determining Whether Claim Language is Definite
- 2114 Apparatus and Article Claims — Functional Language
- 2173.05(b) Relative Terminology
- 2165 The Best Mode Requirement
- 715.07(a) Diligence
- 2107.01 General Principles Governing Utility Rejections
- 2107.02 Procedural Considerations Related to Rejections for Lack of Utility
- 2107.03 Special Considerations for Asserted Therapeutic or Pharmacological Utilities
- 2138.05 “Reduction to Practice”
- 608.01(n) Dependent Claims
- 707.07(i) Each Claim To Be Mentioned in Each Office Action
- 2141.01(a) Analogous and Nonanalogous Art
- 2152.02(b) Described in a Printed Publication
- 2181 Identifying and Interpreting a 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, Sixth Paragraph Limitation
- 2138 Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(g)
- 211.05 Sufficiency of Disclosure in Prior-Filed Application
- 2163 Guidelines for the Examination of Patent Applications Under the 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph, “Written Description” Requirement
- 716.01(d) Weighing Objective Evidence
- 716.04 Long-Felt Need and Failure of Others
- 2145 Consideration of Applicant’s Rebuttal Arguments and Evidence
- 715.07 Facts and Documentary Evidence
- 2161 Three Separate Requirements for Specification Under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, First Paragraph
- 2165.02 Best Mode Requirement Compared to Enablement Requirement
- 2111.05 Functional and Nonfunctional Descriptive Material
- 2112.01 Composition, Product, and Apparatus Claims
- 2131.02 Genus-Species Situations
- 1701.01 Office Personnel Not To Testify
- 2143 Examples of Basic Requirements of a Prima Facie Case of Obviousness
- 2143.01 Suggestion or Motivation To Modify the References
- 2144 Supporting a Rejection Under 35 U.S.C. 103
- 2751 Eligibility Requirements
- 2301.03 Interfering Subject Matter
- 1204.04 Official Record on Appeal
- 2185 Related Issues Under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or (b) and Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, First or Second Paragraphs
- 716.02(b) Burden on Applicant
- 716.02(c) Weighing Evidence of Expected and Unexpected Results
- 2172.01 Unclaimed Essential Subject Matter
- 2184 Determining Whether an Applicant Has Met the Burden of Proving Nonequivalence After a Prima Facie Case Is Made
- 2129 Admissions as Prior Art
- 2258 Scope of Ex Parte Reexamination
- 1504.01(c) Lack of Ornamentality
- 410 Representations to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
- 2113 Product-by-Process Claims
- 2111.03 Transitional Phrases
- 1213 Decision by Board
- 1412.02 Recapture of Canceled Subject Matter
- 2128.01 Level of Public Accessibility Required
- 2165.01 Considerations Relevant to Best Mode
- 2012 Reissue Applications Involving Issues of Fraud, Inequitable Conduct, and/or Violation of Duty of Disclosure
- 804.05 Impact of Patent Term Extension under 35 U.S.C. 156 on Nonstatutory Double Patenting
- 2730 Applications Filed on or After May 29, 2000; Grounds for Adjustment
- 2731 Period of Adjustment
- 2734 Application for Patent Term Adjustment; Due Care Showing
- 2173.05(i) Negative Limitations
- 804 Definition of Double Patenting
- 2141 Examination Guidelines for Determining Obviousness Under 35 U.S.C. 103
- 2112.02 Process Claims
- 1481 Certificates of Correction - Applicant’s Mistake
- 1207.03 New Ground of Rejection in Examiner’s Answer
- 716.03(b) Commercial Success Derived From Claimed Invention
- 2106.03 Eligibility Step 1: The Four Categories of Statutory Subject Matter
- 904.01 Analysis of Claims
- 2106 Patent Subject Matter Eligibility