Appendix II — R — Decisions Cited — R
Ninth Edition, Revision 01.2024
[ Editor Note: Opinions of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or its predecessor organizations (Board) made available to the public after the Board first published Standard Operating Procedure 2 in 1994 (addressing the publication of Board opinions and the designation of such opinions as precedential) that (1) expressly indicate that the opinion is binding precedent of the Board or (2) are identified as binding precedent on the Board’s Precedential opinion website ( www.uspto.gov/patents-application-process/appealing -patent-decisions/decisions-and-opinions/precedential ) are precedential and binding authority. Prior to 1994, a decision by the Board was considered binding on panels of the Board only if the opinion was authorized by the Board to be published. See Ex parte Holt, 19 USPQ2d 1211 (Bd.Pat. App. & Int. 1991).]
Editor Note: When possible, parallel citations to the United States Reports or Federal Reporter and the United States Patent Quarterly (USPQ) are provided and include pinpoint pages, if appropriate. However, decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit published after July 11, 2022, no longer contain a pinpoint page for the USPQ citations.
Racing Strollers Inc. v. TRI Industries Inc., 878 F.2d 1418, 11 USPQ2d 1300 (Fed. Cir. 1989) 1504.04 , 1504.20
Radio Corp. of America v. Radio Eng’g Labs., Inc., 293 U.S. 1, 21 USPQ 353 (1934) 2138.01
Radio Steel and Mfg. Co. v. MTD Products, Inc., 731 F.2d 840, 221 USPQ 657 (Fed. Cir. 1984) 2173.05(j)
Rain Computing, Inc. v. Samsung Elecs. Am. Inc., 989 F.3d 1002, 2021 USPQ2d 284, (Fed. Cir. 2021) 2181
Rainer, In re, 305 F.2d 505, 134 USPQ 343 (CCPA 1962) 2124
Rainer, In re, 390 F.2d 771, 156 USPQ 334 (CCPA 1968) 715.03
Ralston Purina Co. v. Far-Mar-Co., Inc., 772 F.2d 1570, 227 USPQ 177 (Fed. Cir. 1985) 2163.02
Rambus v. Rea, 731 F.3d 1248, 108 USPQ2d 1400 (Fed. Cir. 2013) 1207.03 , 2145
Rapid Litig. Mgmt. v. CellzDirect, Inc., 827 F.3d 1042, 119 USPQ2d 1370 (Fed. Cir. 2016) 2106.04 , 2106.04(b) , 2106.04(c) , 2106.05 , 2106.05(a) , 2106.05(d) , 2106.07(a) , 2106.07(b)
Rasmusson v. SmithKline Beecham Corp., 413 F.3d 1318, 75 USPQ2d 1297 (Fed. Cir. 2005) 2121 , 2122 , 2152.02(b)
Rasmussen, In re, 650 F.2d 1212, 211 USPQ 323 (CCPA 1981) 608.04(a) , 1504.04 , 2163 , 2163.01 , 2163.04 , 2163.05 , 2163.06
Ratny, In re, 24 USPQ2d 1713 (Comm’r Pat. 1992) 323
Ratti, In re, 270 F.2d 810, 123 USPQ 349 (CCPA 1959) 2143.01
Ray v. Lehman, 55 F.3d 606, 34 USPQ2d 1786 (Fed. Cir. 1995) 2734
Raytheon Co. v. Roper Corp., 724 F.2d 951, 220 USPQ 592 (Fed. Cir. 1983) 2107.02 , 2164.08
RCA Corp. v. Data Gen. Corp., 887 F.2d 1056, 12 USPQ2d 1449 (Fed. Cir. 1989) 2133.03 , 2133.03(b) , 2133.03(e)(3)
Reading & Bates Construction Co. v. Baker Energy, 748 F.2d 645, 223 USPQ 1168 (Fed. Cir. 1984) 2129
Realvirt, LLC v. Lee, 195 F.Supp.3d 847 (E.D. Va. 2016) 301 , 317.03 , 324 , 325
Rebstock v. Flouret, 191 USPQ 342 (Bd. Pat. Inter. 1975) 2138.06
Reckitt & Colman Products Ltd., In re, 230 USPQ 369 (Comm’r Pat. & Tm. 1986) 2755.01
RecogniCorp, LLC v. Nintendo Co., 855 F.3d 1322, 122 USPQ2d 1377 (Fed. Cir. 2017) 2106.04 , 2106.04(a)(2) , 2106.05 , 2106.05(a)
Recreative Technologies, In re, 83 F.3d 1394, 38 USPQ2d 1776 (Fed. Cir. 1996) 2242 , 2816.02
Red Cross Mfg. v. Toro Sales Co., 525 F.2d 1135, 188 USPQ 241 (7th Cir. 1975) 2133.03(e)(1)
Reed v. Quigg, 230 USPQ 62 (D.D.C. 1986) 2279
Refac Int’l Ltd. v. Lotus Development Corp., 81 F.3d 1576, 38 USPQ2d 1665 (Fed. Cir. 1996) 410
Refusal of Assignment Branch to Record Attorney's Lien, In re, 8 USPQ2d 1446 (Comm'r Pat. 1988) 313
Regeneron Pharm., Inc. v. Merus B.V., 144 F. Supp. 3d 530 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) 2001.06(b)
Regents of the University of California v. Eli Lilly & Co., 119 F.3d 1559, 43 USPQ2d 1398 (Fed. Cir. 1997) 2111.03 , 2161.01 , 2163 , 2163.02
Regents of the Univ. of Minnesota v. Gilead Scis., Inc., 61 F.4th 1350, 2023 USPQ2d 269 (Fed Cir. 2023) 211.05 , 2163.03 , 2163.05
Reid, In re, 179 F.2d 998, 84 USPQ 478 (CCPA 1950) 716.07
Reiffin v. Microsoft Corp., 214 F.3d 1342, 54 USPQ2d 1915 (Fed. Cir. 2000) 2161.01
Rekers, In re, 203 USPQ 1034 (Comm’r Pat. 1979) 804.03
Remark, Ex parte, 15 USPQ2d 1498 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1990) 716.03 , 716.03(b) , 2144.08 , 2145
Rembrandt Technologies LP v. Comcast of Fla./Pa., LP, 899 F.3d 1254, 127 USPQ2d 1826 2590
Rembrandt Wireless Techs., LP v. Samsung Elecs. Co., 853 F.3d 1370, 122 USPQ2d 1301 (Fed. Cir. 2017) 1490
Remington, Ex parte, 1905 C.D. 28, 114 O.G. 694 (Comm’r Pat. 1904) 1503.01
Renishaw PLC v. Marposs Societa’ per Azioni, 158 F.3d 1243, 48 USPQ2d 1117 (Fed. Cir. 1998) 804
Research Corp. Technologies v. Microsoft Corp., 627 F.3d 859, 97 USPQ2d 1274 (Fed. Cir. 2010) 2106.04(a) , 2106.04(a)(1) , 2106.05(a)
Reuter, In re, 651 F.2d 751, 210 USPQ 249 (CCPA 1981) 1901.06
Rey-Bellet v. Engelhardt, 493 F.2d 1380, 181 USPQ 453 (CCPA 1974) 2107.02 , 2138.05
Reynolds, In re, 443 F.2d 384, 170 USPQ 94 (CCPA 1971) 2163.07(a)
Richardson v. Stanley Works Inc., 597 F.3d 1288, 93 USPQ2d 1937 (Fed. Cir. 2010) 1504.02
Richardson v. Suzuki Motor Co., 868 F.2d 1226, 9 USPQ2d 1913 (Fed. Cir. 1989) 2131
Richardson-Vicks, Inc. v. The Upjohn Co., 122 F.3d 1476, 44 USPQ2d 1181 (Fed. Cir. 1997) 716.01(d)
Richman, In re, 409 F.2d 269, 161 USPQ 359 (CCPA 1969) 1412.02
Rieser v. Williams, 255 F.2d 419, 118 USPQ 96 (CCPA 1958) 2138.06
Rijckaert, In re, 9 F.3d 1531, 28 USPQ2d 1955 (Fed. Cir. 1993) 2112 , 2141.02 , 2144.08
Rinehart, Ex parte, 10 USPQ2d 1719 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1985) 2404.01
Rinehart, In re, 531 F.2d 1048, 189 USPQ 143 (CCPA 1976) 2107.02 , 2142 , 2143.02 , 2144.04
Rivera v. Int'l Trade Comm’n, 857 F.3d 1315, 123 USPQ2d 1059 (Fed. Cir. 2017) 2161.01
Riverwood Int’l Corp. v. R.A. Jones & Co., 324 F.3d 1346, 66 USPQ2d 1331 (Fed. Cir. 2003) 2129 , 2141.01 , 2152.03
Robbins Co. v. Lawrence Mfg. Co., 482 F.2d 426, 178 USPQ 577 (9th Cir. 1973) 2133.03(d) , 2133.03(e)(1) , 2133.03(e)(4)
Roberts, In re, 470 F.2d 1399, 176 USPQ 313 (CCPA 1973) 2181
Robertson, In re, 169 F.3d 743, 49 USPQ2d 1949 (Fed. Cir. 1999) 2114 , 2163 , 2163.07(a)
Robertson, Ex parte, Appeal 2016-001938 (PTAB 2017) 2172.01
Robins, In re, 429 F.2d 452, 166 USPQ 552 (CCPA 1970) 2163
Roche Products v. Bolar Pharmaceuticals, 733 F.2d 858, 221 USPQ 937 (Fed. Cir. 1984) 2750
Rodime PLC v. Seagate Technology, Inc.,174 F.3d 1294, 50 USPQ2d 1429 (Fed. Cir. 1999) 2181
Rodriguez, Ex parte, 92 USPQ2d 1395 (Bd. Pat. App. & Int. 2009) 2181
Rogoff, In re, 261 F.2d 601, 120 USPQ 185 (CCPA 1958) 1412.03
Rohm & Haas Co. v. Crystal Chem.Co., 722 F.2d 1556, 200 USPQ 289 (Fed. Cir. 1983) 410 , 2010
Rohm & Haas Co. v. Roberts Chem., Inc., 142 F. Supp. 499, 110 USPQ 93 (S.W. Va. 1956) 1403
Rolls-Royce, PLC v. United Tech. Corp., 603 F.3d 1325, 95 USPQ2d 1097 (Fed. Cir. 2010) 2143
Rose, In re, 220 F.2d 459, 105 USPQ 237 (CCPA 1955) 2144.04
Rosen, In re, 673 F.2d 388, 213 USPQ 347 (CCPA 1982) 1503.01 , 1504.03
Rosenberg, Ex parte, 46 USPQ 393 (Bd. App. 1939) 1610
Rosenblum v. Hiroshima, 220 USPQ 383 (Comm’r Pat. 1983) 1205.02
Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), In re, 750 F.3d 1333, 110 USPQ2d 1668 (Fed. Cir. 2014) 2105 , 2106.04(b) , 2106.04(c) , 2106.07(a)
Rosuvastatin Calcium Patent Litigation, In re, 703 F.3d 511, 105 USPQ2d 1437 (Fed. Cir. 2012) 1403
Rothermel, In re, 276 F.2d 393, 125 USPQ 328 (CCPA 1960) 716.01
Rowand, In re, 526 F.2d 558, 187 USPQ 487 (CCPA 1975) 1412.01
Rowe v. Dror, 112 F.3d 473, 42 USPQ2d 1550 (Fed. Cir. 1997) 2111.02
Rubin, Ex parte, 128 USPQ 440 (Bd. App. 1959) 2144.04
Rubinfield, In re, 270 F.2d 391, 123 USPQ 210 (CCPA 1959) 1504.05 , 2920.05(b)
Ruff, In re, 256 F.2d 590, 118 USPQ 340 (CCPA 1958) 2117 , 2144.06
Ruiz v. A.B. Chance Co., 357 F.3d 1270, 69 USPQ2d 1686 (Fed. Cir. 2004) 2143 , 2143.01 , 2145
Ruscetta, In re, 255 F.2d 687, 118 USPQ 101 (CCPA 1958) 211.05 , 2004 , 2152.02(b) , 2217 , 2258 2809.01
Ruschig, In re, 343 F.2d 965, 145 USPQ 274 (CCPA 1965) 2144.08
Ruschig, In re, 379 F.2d 990, 154 USPQ 118 (CCPA 1967) 2163 , 2163.05
Ruskin, In re, 354 F.2d 395, 148 USPQ 221 (CCPA 1966) 2107.01
Russell, In re, 239 F.2d 387, 112 USPQ 58 (CCPA 1956) 1504.05
Russell, In re, 439 F.2d 1228, 169 USPQ 426 (CCPA 1971) 2190
Rutan, In re, 231 USPQ 864 (Comm’r Pat. 1986) 150
Ruth, In re, 278 F.2d 729, 126 USPQ 155 (CCPA 1960) 1412.03
Ryco, Inc. v. Ag-Bag Corp., 857 F.2d 1418, 8 USPQ2d 1323 (Fed. Cir. 1988) 2144.07
Rydeen v. Quigg, 748 F. Supp 900, 16 USPQ2d 1876 (D.D.C. 1990) 2540
Ryko Manufacturing Co. v. Nu-Star, Inc., 950 F.2d 714, 21 USPQ2d 1053 (Fed. Cir. 1991) 2141.03 , 2144.08
Cited authority
- 1504.04 Considerations Under 35 U.S.C. 112
- 1504.20 Benefit Under 35 U.S.C. 120
- 2138.01 Interference Practice
- 2173.05(j) Old Combination
- 2181 Identifying and Interpreting a 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, Sixth Paragraph Limitation
- 2124 Exception to the Rule That the Reference Must be Prior Art
- 715.03 Genus-Species, Practice Relative to Cases Where Predictability Is in Question
- 2163.02 Standard for Determining Compliance With the Written Description Requirement
- 1207.03 New Ground of Rejection in Examiner’s Answer
- 2145 Consideration of Applicant’s Rebuttal Arguments and Evidence
- 2106.04 Eligibility Step 2A: Whether a Claim is Directed to a Judicial Exception
- 2106.04(b) Laws of Nature, Natural Phenomena & Products of Nature
- 2106.04(c) The Markedly Different Characteristics Analysis
- 2106.05 Eligibility Step 2B: Whether a Claim Amounts to Significantly More
- 2106.05(a) Improvements to the Functioning of a Computer or To Any Other Technology or Technical Field
- 2106.05(d) Well-Understood, Routine, Conventional Activity
- 2106.07(a) Formulating a Rejection For Lack of Subject Matter Eligibility
- 2106.07(b) Evaluating Applicant’s Response
- 2121 Prior Art; General Level of Operability Required to Make a Prima Facie Case
- 2122 Discussion of Utility in the Prior Art
- 2152.02(b) Described in a Printed Publication
- 608.04(a) Matter Not Present in Specification, Claims, or Drawings on the Application Filing Date
- 2163 Guidelines for the Examination of Patent Applications Under the 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph, “Written Description” Requirement
- 2163.01 Support for the Claimed Subject Matter in Disclosure
- 2163.04 Burden on the Examiner with Regard to the Written Description Requirement
- 2163.05 Changes to the Scope of Claims
- 2163.06 Relationship of Written Description Requirement to New Matter
- 323 Procedures for Correcting Errors in Recorded Assignment Document
- 2143.01 Suggestion or Motivation To Modify the References
- 2734 Application for Patent Term Adjustment; Due Care Showing
- 2107.02 Procedural Considerations Related to Rejections for Lack of Utility
- 2164.08 Enablement Commensurate in Scope With the Claims
- 2133.03 Rejections Based on “Public Use” or “On Sale”
- 2133.03(b) “On Sale”
- 2133.03(e)(3) “Completeness” of the Invention
- 2129 Admissions as Prior Art
- 301 Ownership/Assignability of Patents and Applications
- 317.03 Effect of Recording
- 324 Establishing Right of Assignee To Take Action in Application Filed Before September 16, 2012
- 325 Establishing Right of Assignee To Take Action in Application Filed On or After September 16, 2012
- 2138.06 “Reasonable Diligence”
- 2755.01 Interim Extension of Patent Term During the Processing of the Application
- 2106.04(a)(1) Examples of Claims That Do Not Recite Abstract Ideas
- 2242 Criteria for Deciding Request Filed under 35 U.S.C. 302
- 2816.02 Criteria for Making the Determination
- 2133.03(e)(1) Commercial Exploitation
- 2279 Appeal to Courts
- 410 Representations to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
- 313 Recording of Licenses, Security Interests, and Documents Other Than Assignments
- 2001.06(b) Information Relating to or From Copending United States Patent Applications
- 2111.03 Transitional Phrases
- 2161.01 Computer Programming, Computer Implemented Inventions, and 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, First Paragraph
- 211.05 Sufficiency of Disclosure in Prior-Filed Application
- 2163.03 Typical Circumstances Where Adequate Written Description Issue Arises
- 716.07 Inoperability of References
- 804.03 Commonly Owned Inventions of Different Inventive Entities; Non-Commonly Owned Inventions Subject to a Joint Research Agreement
- 716.03 Commercial Success
- 716.03(b) Commercial Success Derived From Claimed Invention
- 2144.08 Obviousness of Species When Prior Art Teaches Genus
- 2590 Acceptance of Delayed Payment of Maintenance Fee in Expired Patent to Reinstate Patent
- 1490 Disclaimers
- 1503.01 Specification
- 804 Definition of Double Patenting
- 2106.04(a) Abstract Ideas
- 2106.04(a)(2) Abstract Idea Groupings
- 1901.06 Office Treatment of Protest
- 2138.05 “Reduction to Practice”
- 2163.07(a) Inherent Function, Theory, or Advantage
- 1504.02 Novelty
- 2131 Anticipation — Application of 35 U.S.C. 102
- 716.01(d) Weighing Objective Evidence
- 1412.02 Recapture of Canceled Subject Matter
- 2112 Requirements of Rejection Based on Inherency; Burden of Proof
- 2141.02 Differences Between Prior Art and Claimed Invention
- 2404.01 Biological Material That Is Known and Readily Available to the Public
- 2142 Legal Concept of Prima Facie Obviousness
- 2143.02 Reasonable Expectation of Success Is Required
- 2144.04 Legal Precedent as Source of Supporting Rationale
- 2141.01 Scope and Content of the Prior Art
- 2152.03 Admissions
- 2133.03(d) “In This Country”
- 2133.03(e)(4) Factors Indicative of an Experimental Purpose
- 2114 Apparatus and Article Claims — Functional Language
- 2172.01 Unclaimed Essential Subject Matter
- 2750 Patent Term Extension for Delays at other Agencies under 35 U.S.C. 156
- 1412.03 Broadening Reissue Claims
- 2010 Office Handling of Duty of Disclosure/Inequitable Conduct Issues
- 1403 Diligence in Filing
- 2143 Examples of Basic Requirements of a Prima Facie Case of Obviousness
- 1504.03 Nonobviousness
- 1610 The Action
- 1205.02 Appeal Brief Content
- 2105 Patent Eligible Subject Matter — Living Subject Matter
- 716.01 Generally Applicable Criteria
- 1412.01 Reissue Claims Must Be for Same General Invention
- 2111.02 Effect of Preamble
- 1504.05 Restriction
- 2920.05(b) One Independent and Distinct Design
- 2117 Markush Claims
- 2144.06 Art Recognized Equivalence for the Same Purpose
- 2004 Aids to Compliance With Duty of Disclosure
- 2217 Statement Applying Prior Art in a Request Filed under 35 U.S.C. 302
- 2258 Scope of Ex Parte Reexamination
- 2809.01 Information Relating to the Correction of Factual Information
- 2107.01 General Principles Governing Utility Rejections
- 2190 Prosecution Laches and Res Judicata
- 150 Statements to DOE and NASA
- 2144.07 Art Recognized Suitability for an Intended Purpose
- 2540 Fee Address for Maintenance Fee Purposes
- 2141.03 Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art